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- <text id=89TT0354>
- <title>
- Feb. 06, 1989: "Monster In The Closet"
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Feb. 06, 1989 Armed America
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 53
- "Monster in the Closet"
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The frantic campaign to remove asbestos could cost $100 billion
- </p>
- <p>By Leslie Whitaker
- </p>
- <p> Almost immediately after layers of asbestos were discovered
- between floors and ceilings in Houston's 13-story BancTexas
- building, worried tenants started packing up and leaving. Now,
- little more than a year later, the building is empty and its
- owners are trying to sell it for $6.5 million, an asking price
- 30% to 50% less than the building might fetch if it were
- asbestos-free. In Manhattan the former J.C. Penney headquarters,
- a 45-story tower that was sold last May to a real estate
- partnership for $352 million, stands vacant while workers remove
- asbestos from the building. Estimated cost: $6 million.
- </p>
- <p> Asbestos, the cancer-causing mineral that is being scrubbed
- from thousands of U.S. schools, is causing an epidemic of fear
- among the owners and tenants of asbestos-ridden office towers,
- shopping malls, industrial parks and apartment buildings. Even
- though the substance poses only a minimal health risk in most
- work environments, its widespread presence in the ceilings and
- walls of commercial buildings is prompting a sharp drop in the
- value of those structures. It is also spurring a crash cleanup
- effort that may cost as much as $100 billion over the next 25
- years. "Asbestos is the monster in the closet," says Richard
- Jones, a Connecticut attorney who represents mortgage lenders.
- "People's reaction is visceral. It has a very chilling effect."
- </p>
- <p> Asbestos lurks in some of the most prominent and populated
- structures: Manhattan's World Trade Center, Chicago's John
- Hancock Building and Houston's Astrodome. But it can be found
- at many ordinary addresses as well. More than 733,000
- structures, or 20% of U.S. commercial and public properties, are
- believed to contain the mineral, according to the Environmental
- Protection Agency. In about two-thirds of buildings with
- asbestos, some of the material is in a friable state, which
- means it is crumbling into microscopic fibers that can float
- through the air. (There has yet been no federal survey of
- single-family homes, but a preliminary study indicated that
- houses tend to have relatively low levels of airborne asbestos.)
- </p>
- <p> Once regarded as a magic mineral for its fireproofing and
- insulating properties, asbestos was severely restricted by the
- EPA in 1973 after high doses of its fibers were found to scar
- the lungs, causing cancer and other diseases. But by that time,
- 30 million tons had been wrapped around heating pipes and
- furnaces, sprayed onto girders and mixed into tiles at a cost
- of 25 cents per sq. ft. Now property owners are often spending
- 100 times that amount to remove it, cover it with a sealant, or
- enclose it with materials like Sheetrock.
- </p>
- <p> The anxiety surrounding asbestos is based on its deadliness
- in massive doses, but many researchers contend that low levels
- of exposure are not necessarily hazardous. Since the mineral
- occurs naturally, trace amounts can often be found in fresh air
- and water. Yet the EPA has said that the only guaranteed safe
- amount of airborne asbestos is zero.
- </p>
- <p> Shrewd investors are picking up asbestos-containing
- buildings on the cheap. Shuwa Corp., a Japanese real estate
- firm, bought Arco Plaza in Los Angeles last year for $620
- million, a $50 million discount from the original asking price.
- In return, Shuwa agreed to pay for asbestos removal, which
- eventually cost an estimated $20 million. But even price cuts
- will not entice some investors. Many commercial tenants react
- the same way: IBM, AT&T and Northrup refuse to rent space in
- buildings where the mineral is present.
- </p>
- <p> A primary reason corporations are so cautious is the fear
- of lawsuits by tenants and workers. Many cases have been filed
- by school systems and other building owners seeking to recover
- cleanup costs from the manufacturers. But a handful of lawsuits
- have been filed by tenants charging landlords -- and property
- buyers charging sellers -- with concealing the presence of
- asbestos. Even owners who have been up-front about the mineral's
- presence are worried. They fear that future suits will be
- brought by individuals linking their asbestos-related illnesses,
- which have a 20-year latency period, to buildings where they
- lived or worked. "The area is so new that nobody really knows
- how far the liability will extend," says Daniel Sitomer, a
- Manhattan asbestos lawyer.
- </p>
- <p> The demand for asbestos-removal service vastly exceeds the
- ability of the fledgling industry to supply it safely. The
- industry's rapid growth, from an estimated $200 million in
- revenues in 1983 to more than $2.7 billion last year, has
- produced many so-called rip-and-skip artists, who spring up
- overnight and disappear a few months later. Hundreds of cleanup
- jobs have been botched by poorly trained and badly equipped
- workers who send additional asbestos particles swirling through
- the air.
- </p>
- <p> Cleaning up the asbestos-abatement industry has become a
- high priority for many state and local governments. Forty states
- have created training and certification programs for asbestos
- removal. The EPA is thinking of expanding to commercial and
- public buildings the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act,
- which requires all schools to draw up a plan to control or
- remove asbestos, using workers trained according to federal
- standards.
- </p>
- <p> In the belief that asbestos-cleanup costs are going to
- burden them for at least two decades, real estate professionals
- have begun to lobby the Government for financial assistance.
- Declares Robert Shreve, president of the Institute of Real
- Estate Management: "We feel tax credits are in order because
- (the asbestos problem) is not anybody's fault." If Congress
- agrees, taxpayers may have to help pay yet another
- multibillion-dollar cleanup bill.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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